Verb Patterns & Complements

The infinitive (to + base verb) often follows verbs that signal purpose, intention, or willingness, and it can be used as a complement to plan or explain an action.

The gerund (verb + -ing) functions as a noun and typically follows verbs that express liking, disliking, or continuing an activity; it highlights an ongoing or habitual action.

Some verbs require an object before the infinitive, forming a pattern where the first verb causes or allows someone else to act; this pattern clarifies who does what.

Less common but important, certain verbs take an object followed by a gerund to emphasize an action that was performed or prevented; this pattern often appears with reporting or control verbs.

That-clauses provide detailed information and follow verbs of saying, thinking, knowing, or believing; they allow you to insert full propositions as complements.

Wh-clauses function as noun clauses introduced by question words like when, why, or how, and they follow verbs that require specific information; use them to report questions or to specify details.

Double object verbs take two complements—usually a recipient and a thing—and can often be followed by an infinitive or by a noun and a gerund/participle depending on the verb; this pattern is key for giving, showing, and telling.

Master verb patterns by grouping verbs according to whether they take an infinitive, a gerund, an object, or a clause; practicing these patterns makes your speech and writing more natural and precise.