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所有格代词显示谁拥有或与某物有关，在汉语中非常重要，以使关系清晰。该指南涵盖主要的所有格形式和实用例句。

Possessive pronouns show who owns or is related to something and are essential for making relationships clear in Mandarin. This guide covers the main possessive forms and useful examples.

Key Particle

汉语中表示所属关系的关键粒子是 de (的)，它连接所有者和被拥有的事物，并且可以在代词、姓名或名词后面使用。没有 de，所有关系不会明确标示。

The key particle for possession in Mandarin is de (的), which links the owner to the thing owned and can be used after pronouns, names, or nouns. Without de, possession is not explicitly marked.

Which particle is used to mark possession in Mandarin?

得 (de)

地 (de)

并 (bìng)

的 (de)

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Possessive Pronouns

所有格代词通过在所有格词（如 wǒ (我) 表示“我”或 nǐ (你) 表示“你”）后面加上 de (的) 来形成。这些形式可以修饰名词，或者在名词已被理解的情况下单独使用。

Possessive pronouns are formed by adding de (的) to a possessive word like wǒ (我) for “my” or nǐ (你) for “your”. These forms can modify a noun or stand alone when the noun is understood.

Hanzi Character(s)	Pinyin Word(s)	English Translation(s)
我的	wǒ de	my / mine
你的	nǐ de	your / yours
他的	tā de	his
她的	tā de	her / hers
它的	tā de	its
我们的	wǒmen de	our / ours
你们的	nǐmen de	your / yours (plural)
他们的	tāmen de	their / theirs

Fill in the Blankwǒshū (my)

我的 (my)

Fill in the blank: wǒ ___ (my) shū.

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Short Forms

在日常会话中，当所有者和所拥有的物品明确时，有时可以省略 de (的)，尤其是在亲属称呼或固定短语中。然而，省略 de 可能会改变句意或听起来不太自然，视具体语境而定。

In casual speech, de (的) can sometimes be dropped when the possessor and thing owned are clear, especially with kinship terms or set phrases. However, leaving out de can change the meaning or sound less natural in some contexts.

When is it common to omit 的 (de) in possession?

In formal writing only

After every noun phrase

When showing emphasis

With kinship terms after a pronoun (like 'wǒ māma')

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Emphatic Forms

为了强调所有者，可以添加如 zhè (这)（“这”）等词，或者在 de 前重复所有者，或使用短语如 shì... de 来突出属关系。当需要澄清或强调某物归属时，强调形式非常有用。

To emphasize the owner, you can add words like zhè (这) “this” or repeat the possessor before de, or use phrases like shì... de to highlight possession. Emphatic forms are useful when clarifying or insisting on who owns something.

Which pattern can you use to emphasize the owner in Mandarin?

guo... le

le... ba

zài... guo

shì... de

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Kinship Terms

亲属关系词在用在代词后时，通常会省略 de，这反映了家庭关系更为紧密和内在。例如，wǒ māma (我妈妈) 通常省略 de 表示“我的妈妈”，而较远的所有关系则保持粒子。

Kinship terms often omit de when used after a pronoun, reflecting how family relationships are treated as closer and more intrinsic. For example, wǒ māma “my mom” usually drops de, while more distant possessions keep the particle.

Why might 你妈妈 drop 的 in spoken Mandarin?

Because 的 is never needed with pronouns

To make it plural

Because it changes the meaning to a nickname

Because kinship terms are treated as closer relationships

Additional Expressions

其他所有格表达还包括像 suǒ yǒu (所有)，意为“所有”或“拥有”，以及表示个人财物的固定词组。在不同语境中谈论所有时，这些用法可以增添细腻的意味。

Other possessive expressions include phrases like suǒ yǒu (所有) meaning “all” or “to own”, and set terms for things like belongings and property. These can add nuance when talking about possession in different contexts.

Which expression would suit formal contexts about property?

wǒ māma (我妈妈)

nǐ de shǒu (你的手)

tā de de (他的的)

suǒ yǒu fángchǎn (所有房产)

Summary

所有格代词和 de 粒子是表达所有权和关系的基础工具，建议用日常词汇多加练习。

Possessive pronouns and the particle de are basic tools that make ownership and relationships clear, so practice them with everyday vocabulary.