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Plurals / Quantifiers

Spoken Description

学习常见的Chinese量词和复数形式：理解不同名词的复数变化，掌握各种数词和量词的搭配，用于描述数量、范围和程度，让你更正确自然地表达数量和计量。

Learn common Chinese plurals and quantifiers: understand the different plural forms of nouns, grasp the collocations with number words and measure words, and how to express quantity, scope, and degree naturally. Essential for accurate counting and describing.

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普通话在表达复数方面与英语有所不同：名词本身不发生变化，数量通常通过上下文或添加量词来表达。本指南涵盖了关键的量词以及如何表达确切或大致的数量。

Mandarin Chinese handles plurality differently from English: nouns don’t change form, and number is often shown by context or by adding quantifiers. This guide covers the key quantifiers and how to express exact or general amounts.

Plural Nouns

在普通话中，名词无论单数还是复数都保持不变；只有在指代代词或某些有生命的名词时，才会使用“们” (men) 来明确表示一组。一般的复数由上下文或量词来表达。

Nouns in Mandarin Chinese stay the same whether singular or plural; -men (们) is used only for pronouns or certain animate nouns when you want to explicitly mark a group. For general plurality, rely on context or quantifiers.

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Quantifiers

量词（也叫度量词）在数名词时必须使用；每种类别的名词都对应特定的量词，所以不能直接在单独的名词前面说数字。学习一些日常用的常见量词。

量词一般位于数字（或其他限定词）和名词之间；一些量词还包括一个与名词形状、功能或类别相对应的分类字。

以下是关于人、动物、小物件、书籍和时间的常用量词：

Quantifiers (also called measure words) must be used when you count nouns; each type of noun pairs with a specific quantifier, so you can’t say a number directly before a bare noun. Learn common quantifiers for everyday categories.
Quantifiers appear between a number (or other determiner) and the noun; some quantifiers also include a classifier sound that aligns with the noun’s shape, function, or category.
Here are frequent quantifiers for people, animals, small objects, books, and time:
Hanzi Character(s)Pinyin Word(s)English Translation(s)
个gègeneral classifier (person, thing)
只zhīfor animals, one of a pair
本běnfor books, magazines
条tiáofor long, thin things (fish, rivers, pants)
张zhāngfor flat things (paper, tickets, tables)
辆liàngfor vehicles
双shuāngfor pairs (shoes, chopsticks)
件jiànfor clothing, matters, events
杯bēifor cups/glasses of liquid
份fènfor portions, copies, servings

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Numbers

普通话中的数字在量词之前；在数数时不要省略量词。基本的数字1到10在日常表达中是必须的，更高的数字则在逻辑上逐步构建。

以下是数字1到10：

Numbers in Mandarin Chinese come before the quantifier; don’t skip the quantifier when counting. The basic numbers 1 to 10 are needed for everyday amounts, and higher numbers build logically.
Here are the numbers 1 to 10:
Hanzi Character(s)Pinyin Word(s)English Word(s)
一yīone
二èrtwo
三sānthree
四sìfour
五wǔfive
六liùsix
七qīseven
八bāeight
九jiǔnine
十shíten

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Expressions of Quantity

如 duō（多）、shǎo（少）、měi（每）和 yīdiǎn（一点）这样的词用来修饰数量，有时需要或省略量词；它们帮助你谈论更多、较少、每个或一些的情况。使用这些表达可以软化请求或提供大致的数量。

Words like duō (多), shǎo (少), měi (每), and yīdiǎn (一点) modify amounts and sometimes require or omit quantifiers; they help you talk about more, less, each, or some. Use these expressions to soften requests or give approximate amounts.

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Plural Pronouns

当指代一群人或动物，或在角色上表示复数时，代词会加上 -men（们）来标记复数；这个词尾不能将普通名词变成复数，而且主要用于人称或有生命的指代。

以下是常见的单数和复数代词：

Pronouns add -men (们) to mark plural when referring to groups of people or animals in roles; this ending does not turn ordinary nouns plural and is mainly used for personal or animate reference.
Here are common singular and plural pronouns:
Hanzi Character(s)Pinyin Word(s)English Word(s)
我wǒI / me
我们wǒmenwe / us
你nǐyou (singular)
你们nǐmenyou (plural)
他tāhe / him
他们tāmenthey / them (male or mixed)
她tāshe / her
她们tāmenthey / them (female)
它tāit
它们tāmenthey / them (non-human)

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Summary

普通话不会在名词上标记复数；应通过上下文和量词来表达数量。在数数时务必包含量词，并学习不同类别的常用分类词。在需要时，用 -men（们）将代词或某些有生命的名词变为复数。

Mandarin Chinese does not mark plurals on nouns; use context and quantifiers to show number. Always include a quantifier when counting, and learn common classifiers for different categories. Use -men (们) to pluralize pronouns or certain animates when needed.

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