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Demonstrative Adjectives

Spoken Description

学习汉语指示代词：比较“这/那”和“这些/那些”的用法，理解它们的语法位置和结构变化。提供示例句子、常见的表达习惯和练习，帮你正确指示物品或在对话中使用指示词。

Learn English demonstrative adjectives: compare “this/that” and “these/those”, understand grammar placement, spelling changes, and common expressions. Get example sentences and practice tips to use demonstratives accurately in speech and writing.

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指示形容词显示你指的是什么，通过相对于说话者在空间或时间中的位置来指示。

Demonstrative adjectives show which thing you mean by pointing to it relative to the speaker’s position in space or time. Mandarin makes these distinctions with short words that come before nouns.

Near Speaker

用 zhè (這 / 这) 来表示物理上或概念上靠近说话者的事物。它强调即时性和存在感。

Use zhè (這 / 这) for things that are physically or conceptually close to the speaker. It emphasizes immediacy and presence.
Hanzi Character(s)Pinyin Word(s)English Translation(s)
這本書zhè běn shūthis book
這杯茶zhè bēi cháthis cup of tea
這個蘋果zhè ge píngguǒthis apple
shì wǒ de shū

This is my book.

Choose the correct demonstrative for something physically close: ___ (this) 是我的書。

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Near Listener

用 nà (那) 来表示离说话者较远，通常更靠近听者的事物，或简单来说，距离说话者较远。它标志着更大的距离。

Use nà (那) for things that are farther from the speaker and often closer to the listener, or simply more removed from the speaker’s immediate context. It marks a greater distance.
Hanzi Character(s)Pinyin Word(s)English Translation(s)
那本書nà běn shūthat book
那杯茶nà bēi cháthat cup of tea
那個蘋果nà ge píngguǒthat apple
bēi chá

that cup

Complete the phrase for 'that cup': ___ 杯茶。

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Demonsrative Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives modify nouns directly and appear before measure words if present. Mandarin requires the structure demonstrative + (measure word) + noun for natural speech.

Summary

指示形容词如 zhè (這 / 这) 和 nà (那) 表示相对距离，必须放在名词和量词之前。选择正确的指示词有助于听者在空间或话语中定位指涉对象。

Demonstrative adjectives like zhè (這 / 这) and nà (那) signal relative distance and must precede the noun and any measure word. Choosing the right one helps listeners locate the referent in space or discourse.

Summary

指示形容词根据距离的近远合理划分：用 zhè (這 / 这) 表示靠近，nà (那) 表示较远。它们都应放在名词和量词之前，以引导注意力。

Demonstrative adjectives neatly divide referents by proximity: use zhè (這 / 这) for near and nà (那) for far. Always place them before the noun and measure word to guide attention precisely.

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