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Topic-Comment Structure

Spoken Description

掌握句子评论技巧：学习如何分析句型结构、词语搭配和语法规则。包含实例讲解、练习题和常见错误分析，帮助你在写作和口语中使用更自然、更准确的句子。

Learn comment structure: find out how to analyze sentence parts like subjects, verbs, objects, and linking words. Get tips for improving coherence and clarity in your writing and speaking, with examples and practice.

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汉语中的话题-评论结构强调你要讨论的内容（话题），以及你对其所作的描述或陈述（评论）；这种结构影响信息的组织方式以及人们的理解。

The topic-comment structure in Mandarin highlights what you're talking about (the topic) and then says something about it (the comment); this pattern shapes how information is organized and perceived.

Topic

话题设定了背景，通过指出你要讨论的事物或人物，通常出现在句子的开头，以提示什么内容是核心或相关。

The topic sets the stage by naming the thing or person you're discussing, and it usually comes at the sentence's start to signal what's relevant.

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Comment

评论提供与话题相关的信息、判断或行动，是句子的主要内容，紧随话题之后。

The comment provides information, judgment, or action related to the topic, forming the sentence's main message after the topic.

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Differences from Subject

虽然“主语”表示谁执行动作，“话题”则是句子主要谈论的对象，可以更宽泛、更概括，甚至在句子中可以省略。

While the subject shows who does an action, the topic is what the sentence is about and can be broader, more general, or even absent from the sentence.

Examples

（示例省略，但可以根据需要补充具体句子。）

Double-Tell

有时候一句话会重复使用名词，既作为话题又作为主语；这种“双重陈述”强化了焦点，让信息更清晰明了，通过在不同角色中提及同一事物。

Sometimes a sentence repeats a noun both as topic and subject; this "double-tell" reinforces focus and clarity by mentioning the thing twice in different roles.

Advantages

采用话题-评论结构，能突出已知信息与新信息的区别，引导听众注意重点，保持对话和书写中的流畅性与自然感。

Using topic-comment lets you highlight known vs. new information, guide the listener's attention, and maintain smooth, natural discourse in conversations and writing.

Practice

为了掌握话题-评论结构，可以尝试调整句子，把关键信息放在句首作为话题，然后再添加评论；注意观察这种变化如何影响表达重点和句子流。

To internalize topic-comment, try turning sentences so that key information comes first as topic, then add your comment; notice how this changes emphasis and flow in real examples.
Lǐ Xiǎomíngchī le zǎofàn.

As for Lǐ Xiǎomíng, (he) ate breakfast.

(eat) Turn 'Lǐ Xiǎomíng chī le zǎofàn' into topic-comment: Lǐ Xiǎomíng ___ chī le zǎofàn.

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Summary

话题-评论结构通过先强调你要讨论的内容（话题）以及你对其的描述（评论），在汉语中帮助组织句子，增强句子的重点和连贯性。

The topic-comment structure organizes sentences around what you choose to discuss first (the topic) and what you say about it (the comment), shaping emphasis and coherence in Mandarin.

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