Clauses

A relative clause describes a noun and usually comes directly before that noun, ending with markers like de (的) to link the description. Relative clauses take modifiers and can include actions, time, or features.

Time clauses tell when something happens and are introduced by connectors like dāng (当), shíhòu (时候), or yǐhòu (以后). The sequence of events and aspect markers help signal order and duration within time clauses.

Conditional clauses set a requirement or hypothetical and use markers such as rúguǒ (如果), jiǎrú (假如), and sometimes yàoshi (要是). The result clause follows the condition and can express certainty, possibility, or advice.

Cause clauses explain reasons and are introduced by words like yīnwèi (因为) for cause and suǒyǐ (所以) for effect. Other connectors include yóuyú (由于), dǎngrán (当然), and huì (会) for nuanced relationships.

Concessive clauses show contrast or unexpected outcomes using markers such as suīrán (虽然) and dànshì (但是). They highlight situations where one fact does not prevent another and often appear in pairs.

Purpose clauses express intention and are introduced by phrases like wèile (为了) or láishì (来是) followed by an action. They show why someone does something and can appear as short clauses or longer constructions.

Result clauses indicate outcomes using markers like zhèyàng (这样), suǒdǎozhī (所导致之), or structure particles such as de (得) to show degree. They often follow cause or purpose clauses to complete the meaning.

Comparative clauses show comparison and use markers like bǐ (比), gèng (更), and structures such as bǐ...gèng... to highlight differences in degree, speed, size, or quality. Comparatives can appear in short phrases or full clauses.

Mandarin clauses use set markers to signal relations like time, condition, cause, and contrast. Learning common connectors and the typical position—such as relative clauses before nouns—helps you parse and produce clear sentences. Practice with each type to internalize patterns.